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Greater DC
Fast Facts:
- Greater DC was home to 5,826,765 people and had 2,319,753 housing units in 2024. Since 2010, Greater DC has added an average of 54,700 people and 21,700 housing units per year.
- Thirty-eight percent of households were renters and 48 percent of renters had unaffordable housing costs.
- Greater DC did not meet the annual production target of 25,013 units, with 23,614 new units built in 2025. Cumulatively, Greater DC has produced at least 159,943 units since 2019, short of its 7-year target of 175,091.
- Greater DC includes the District of Columbia; Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince George's counties and the cities of Gaithersburg and Rockville in Maryland; Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William counties and the cities of Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park in Virginia. All jurisdictions share data for the HIT.
Policy Status
Solving the region's affordable housing crisis requires a portfolio of policies to preserve existing affordable housing, produce more housing, and protect people from discrimination and displacement.
Right of First Refusal
- Adopted: City of Alexandria
- Adopted: Arlington County
- Adopted: District of Columbia
- Adopted: City of Fairfax
- Adopted: City of Gaithersburg
- Adopted: Loudoun County
- Adopted: Montgomery County
- Adopted: Prince George's County
- Adopted: City of Rockville
Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Adopted: City of Alexandria
- Adopted: Arlington County
- Adopted: District of Columbia
- Adopted: Fairfax County
- Adopted: City of Falls Church
- Adopted: City of Manassas
- Adopted: Montgomery County
- Adopted: City of Rockville
Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Adopted: City of Alexandria
- Adopted: Arlington County
- Adopted: Fairfax County
- Adopted: City of Falls Church
Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Adopted: City of Alexandria
- Adopted: Arlington County
- Adopted: District of Columbia
- Adopted: Fairfax County
- Adopted: Montgomery County
Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Adopted: City of Alexandria
- Adopted: Charles County
- Adopted: District of Columbia
- Adopted: Fairfax County
- Adopted: Frederick County
- Adopted: City of Gaithersburg
- Adopted: Loudoun County
- Adopted: City of Manassas
- Adopted: Montgomery County
- Adopted: Prince George's County
- Adopted: Prince William County
- Adopted: City of Rockville
Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
- Adopted: City of Alexandria
- Adopted: Arlington County
- Adopted: Charles County
- Adopted: District of Columbia
- Adopted: Fairfax County
- Adopted: City of Gaithersburg
- Adopted: Loudoun County
- Adopted: Montgomery County
- Adopted: Prince George's County
- Adopted: Prince William County
- Adopted: City of Rockville
Housing Outcomes
Local jurisdictions submitted data to enable the region to track housing production, preservation, and rental affordability.
Structural Racism
Discriminatory actions and racist public policies have produced inequitable outcomes for Black, Indigenous, and people of color in the Washington region, including lower incomes and wealth, lower homeownership rates, and higher rates of housing cost burden.
Housing Context
Understanding how household incomes relate to the supply of affordable rental and homeownership units will inform jurisdictions' efforts to meet the current and future housing needs of residents.
Participating Jurisdictions
Local jurisdictions submitted data to enable the region to track housing production, preservation, and rental affordability.
City of Alexandria
- Population: 159,102
- Housing units: 81,539
- Percent of Households that rent: 58%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 45%
- Average growth per year: 1,300 people | 600 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 570
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
Arlington County
- Population: 239,807
- Housing units: 124,873
- Percent of Households that rent: 59%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 40%
- Average growth per year: 2,300 people | 1,400 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 724
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
Charles County
- Population: 174,478
- Housing units: 65,653
- Percent of Households that rent: 18%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 46%
- Average growth per year: 2,000 people | 800 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 382
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Not adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
District of Columbia
- Population: 702,250
- Housing units: 368,736
- Percent of Households that rent: 58%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 47%
- Average growth per year: 7,100 people | 5,100 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 6,614
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
Fairfax County
- Population: 1,160,925
- Housing units: 433,456
- Percent of Households that rent: 31%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 46%
- Average growth per year: 5,600 people | 1,800 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 3,336
2025 Housing Outcomes
- In progress: Right of First Refusal
- Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
City of Fairfax
- Population: 26,340
- Housing units: 9,308
- Percent of Households that rent: 30%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 51%
- New units built in 2025: 127
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
City of Falls Church
- Population: 15,034
- Housing units: 7,093
- Percent of Households that rent: 47%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 43%
- Average growth per year: 200 people | 100 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 643
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Not adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- In progress: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
Frederick County
- Population: 299,317
- Housing units: 113,244
- Percent of Households that rent: 23%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 48%
- Average growth per year: 4,600 people | 1,600 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 1,183
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Not adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
City of Gaithersburg
- Population: 70,686
- Housing units: 28,620
- Percent of Households that rent: 49%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 49%
- Average growth per year: 800 people | 400 housing units
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
Loudoun County
- Population: 443,380
- Housing units: 150,833
- Percent of Households that rent: 22%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 44%
- Average growth per year: 9,200 people | 2,900 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 2,428
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
City of Manassas
- Population: 43,616
- Housing units: 14,621
- Percent of Households that rent: 29%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 52%
- Average growth per year: 400 people | 100 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 78
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Not adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
Montgomery County
- Population: 1,082,273
- Housing units: 408,658
- Percent of Households that rent: 35%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 52%
- Average growth per year: 7,800 people | 2,300 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 3,298
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
Prince George's County
- Population: 966,629
- Housing units: 371,199
- Percent of Households that rent: 38%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 53%
- Average growth per year: 7,200 people | 3,000 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 1,302
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
Prince William County
- Population: 497,003
- Housing units: 164,814
- Percent of Households that rent: 26%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 51%
- Average growth per year: 6,700 people | 1,900 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 2,589
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Not adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- In progress: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
City of Rockville
- Population: 68,417
- Housing units: 27,944
- Percent of Households that rent: 47%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 52%
- Average growth per year: 500 people | 200 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 258
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing
City of Manassas Park
- Population: 16,611
- Housing units: 5,726
- Percent of Households that rent: 34%
- Percent of renters with unaffordable housing costs: 50%
- Average growth per year: 200 people | 100 housing units
- New units built in 2025: 82
2025 Housing Outcomes
- Not adopted: Right of First Refusal
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Subsidized
- Not adopted: Preservation Inventory - Unsubsidized
- Not adopted: Rental Assistance Demonstration
- Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Homeowners
- Not adopted: Energy Efficiency Upgrades of Affordable Housing